With democratic values under attack from populists within and former allies without, there are no simple solutions

Three decades after political philosopher Francis Fukuyama declared the End of History and the “universalisation of western liberal democracy as the final form of human government”, the democratic model is under attack in many parts of the world, not least here in Europe. Populists bent on weakening the rule of law, rolling back human rights protections, subjugating the judiciary and cowing independent journalism are amplified by anything-goes social media algorithms that promote anger and polarisation over rational discourse.

They have now received a mandate from the Trump administration , which effectively declared civilisational war on the EU and its values in its National Security Strategy .

Paul Taylor is a senior visiting fellow at the European Policy Centre

With democratic values under attack from populists within and former allies without, there are no simple solutions

Three decades after political philosopher Francis Fukuyama declared the End of History and the “universalisation of western liberal democracy as the final form of human government”, the democratic model is under attack in many parts of the world, not least here in Europe. Populists bent on weakening the rule of law, rolling back human rights protections, subjugating the judiciary and cowing independent journalism are amplified by anything-goes social media algorithms that promote anger and polarisation over rational discourse.

They have now received a mandate from the Trump administration , which effectively declared civilisational war on the EU and its values in its National Security Strategy .

Paul Taylor is a senior visiting fellow at the European Policy Centre

With democratic values under attack from populists within and former allies without, there are no simple solutions

Three decades after political philosopher Francis Fukuyama declared the End of History and the “universalisation of western liberal democracy as the final form of human government”, the democratic model is under attack in many parts of the world, not least here in Europe. Populists bent on weakening the rule of law, rolling back human rights protections, subjugating the judiciary and cowing independent journalism are amplified by anything-goes social media algorithms that promote anger and polarisation over rational discourse.

They have now received a mandate from the Trump administration , which effectively declared civilisational war on the EU and its values in its National Security Strategy .

Paul Taylor is a senior visiting fellow at the European Policy Centre